What are the effects of different samples on the detection results of myocardial specific proteins clinical diagnostic reagent assay kit

Serum samples are the most widely used sample type in the Myocardial Specific Proteins Clinical Diagnostic Reagent Assay Kit due to the standardization of the processing process. The process of obtaining serum involves standing and centrifugation to remove blood cells and fibrin. This process effectively removes cellular components that may interfere with the reaction between antibodies and antigens, making the reaction system purer and contributing to the efficient immune response. The protein concentration in serum is relatively stable, and under appropriate storage conditions, the marker level can remain relatively constant. However, the acquisition of serum samples requires a certain coagulation time, usually more than 30 minutes, which may bring delay risks in emergency or clinical scenarios requiring rapid decision-making. In addition, some patients may have coagulation abnormalities or are receiving anticoagulant drugs, which will make it impossible to obtain a complete serum sample, thereby affecting the continuity and efficiency of the detection process.

In contrast, plasma samples are widely used in laboratories for high-throughput rapid testing due to their advantages in rapid preparation. The plasma collection process is to add anticoagulants (such as EDTA, heparin or sodium citrate) immediately after blood collection, and then centrifuge to avoid the waiting time for coagulation, which has significant advantages in acute chest pain and emergency testing. However, some coagulation factors and low-molecular peptides are retained in plasma, which may non-specifically bind to antibodies in the detection system, thereby affecting signal intensity and background noise. Different anticoagulants themselves may also affect the detection system. For example, EDTA may interfere with metal ion-dependent enzyme reactions, and heparin may also affect the stability of immune complexes in certain reagent systems. Therefore, when using plasma samples, it is necessary to ensure that the anticoagulant used is highly compatible with the reagent system, and to conduct sufficient interference assessment in the methodological validation to ensure the scientificity and comparability of the test results.

Whole blood samples have unique advantages in convenience, especially in POCT (Point-of-Care Testing) instant detection devices, which can be directly analyzed using fingertip blood or venous whole blood, greatly improving the initial screening capabilities of emergency situations such as myocardial infarction. Whole blood testing omits pre-treatment steps such as centrifugation and is suitable for on-site emergency screening, primary medical points or ambulances. However, whole blood samples contain a large number of blood cells, platelets and other cell metabolites, which may cause physical or chemical interference to the detection enzymes or signal systems in the reagents during the detection process. In addition, products released by blood cells, such as free hemoglobin, significantly affect immunoluminescence or colorimetric reactions in a hemolytic state, which may lead to signal inhibition or enhancement, thereby causing false negative or false positive results. Individual differences in blood cell concentration (ie, hematocrit) will also affect the dilution factor and reaction efficiency. Therefore, an accurate hematocrit compensation algorithm must be added to the instrument system to achieve accurate quantitative analysis.