Analysis of the clinical application of EGFR gene mutation

The treatment of lung cancer advocates an individualized treatment model. It is based on the driver gene expression status of lung cancer patients, that is, individualized treatment based on whether there is a driver gene in lung cancer patients, and the pathological treatment mode alone cannot meet the modern lung cancer treatment.

Among them, EGFR gene mutation is an important cancer driver, and the EGFR mutation rate of lung cancer patients in my country is more than 30%. It is more common in non-smoking, female, and adenocarcinoma patients, with a mutation rate of about 50%. EGFR is widely distributed on the surface of mammalian epithelial cells, fibroblasts, glial cells, keratinocytes and other cells, and is a receptor for epithelial growth factor (EGF) cell proliferation and signaling. The loss of function of protein tyrosine kinases such as EGFR or the activity or abnormal cellular localization of key factors in related signaling pathways are related to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, metastasis and apoptosis.

At present, Tarceva and Iressa, which are widely used in clinical practice, are reversible biological inhibitors of the above pathways. A large number of clinical studies have shown that the detection of EGFR gene mutations can screen people who are sensitive to targeted drugs, so as to achieve targeted and individualized treatment for patients.

At present, the detection steps of EGFR gene mutation include specimen acquisition, DNA extraction, EGFR mutation detection and result analysis. Detection methods include: DNA sequencing, ARMS and others such as DHPLC. Among them, the ARMS method is fast, sensitive, has a kit, and is simple to operate, but it is expensive and cannot detect unknown mutations. Studies have shown that EGFR mutations are more common in primary tumors than in metastases. EGFR mutation abundance also has an impact on the efficacy of EGFR TKIs, and the higher the abundance, the better the efficacy. Non-tumor specimens include blood and pleural effusion, etc., the current detection rate is low, and the sensitivity of the ARMS method is relatively high. In order to improve the detection rate of EGFR gene mutation, we need the cooperation of clinicians, patients, pathologists and laboratory technicians. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase region of EGFR mainly occur in exons 18-21, with mutations in exons 19 and 21 covering 90% of the mutations.
Zhejiang Kangte Biotechnology Co., Ltd. was established in 2001 and is located in Zhejiang Xinchang Provincial High-tech Industrial Park. It is a national high-tech enterprise integrating R&D, production and sales of in vitro diagnostic reagents. Relying on the pioneering team spirit and scientific management, the company has repeatedly won the national advanced production unit in the in vitro diagnostic industry.